IFES
 

Nov. 22, 2023 Held

Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Election for Tweede Kamer (Dutch Second Chamber)

Results

Voter Participation


Cast Votes:10,517,616
Valid Votes:10,475,139
Invalid Votes:22,821
Voter
Turnout*

Vote Share by Party:

Party Seats Won Seats Change Votes

Party for Freedom 37

Greens - Labour (GROENLINKS - Partij van de Arbeid) 25

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy 24

New Social Contract (Nieuw Sociaal Contract) 20

Democrats 66 9

Farmer-Citizen Movement (BBB) (BoerBurgerBeweging) 7

Socialist Party 5

Christian Democratic Appeal 5

Forum for Democracy (Forum voor Democratie) 3

Denk (Denk) 3

Party for the Animals 3

Reformed Political Party 3

Christian Union Party 3

Volt Netherlands (Volt Nederland) 2

JA21 (Juiste Antwoord 2021) 1

Election Results Modified: Dec 01, 2023

General Information

At Stake in this Election: 

  • All 150 seats of the Dutch Second Chamber 

Government Structure:  

  • Chief of State: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013) 

  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010) 

  • Assembly: bicameral States General (Staten Generaal) with a 75-seat First Chamber (Eerste Kamer) and a 150-seat Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer) 

Electoral System:  

  • The King is a hereditary monarch. 

  • The monarch typically appoints the Second Chamber majority leader to be Prime Minister. 

  • In the First Chamber, all 75 members are indirectly elected by the Provincial Council via proportional representation votes. Members serve 4-year terms. 

  • In the Second Chamber, all 150 members are directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote from 20 multi-seat constituencies. Members serve 4-year terms. 

Last Election: 

In 2021, the VVD won the largest share of seats in the Lower Chamber (34) but did not secure a majority. 14 additional parties also won seats, and voter turnout was 79%. 

New/Unique in this Election:  

A snap election was triggered when the governing coalition dissolved due to disagreements over immigration policy. Longtime Prime Minister Mark RUTTE will not stand for reelection. 

Key Deadlines: 

  • Political parties must register by 28 August 2023. 

  • Voter registration deadline: N/A; Voter registration is passive in the Netherlands. 

  • The voter roll is finalized on 10 October 2023. 

Main Candidates in this Election: 

  • People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy / Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD

  • Leader: Dilan YEŞILGÖZ-ZEGERIUS 

  • Seats won in last election: 34 out of 150 

  • Democrats 66 / Democraten 66 (D66

  • Leader: Rob JETTEN 

  • Seats won in last election: 24 out of 150 

  • Party for Freedom / Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV

  • Leader: Geert WILDERS 

  • Seats won in last election: 17 out of 150 

  • GreenLeft – Labor Party / GROENLINKS - Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA

  • Leader: Jesse KLAVER and Attje KUIKEN 

  • Seats won in last election: 17 out of 150 

  • Coalition 

  • Christian Democratic Appeal / Christen-Democratisch Appèl (CDA

  • Leader: Henri BONTENBAL 

  • Seats won in last election: 15 out of 150 

  • Socialist Party / Socialistische Partij (SP

  • Leader: Lilian MARIJNISSEN 

  • Seats won in last election: 9 out of 150 

  • Forum for Democracy / Forum voor Democratie (FVD

  • Leader: Thierry BAUDET 

  • Seats won in last election: 8 out of 150 

  • Leader: Esther OUWEHAND 

  • Seats won in last election: 6 out of 150 

  • Leader: Mirjam BIKKER 

  • Seats won in last election: 5 out of 150 

  • Leader: Laurens DASSEN 

  • Seats won in last election: 3 out of 150 

  • Leader: Joost EERDMANS 

  • Seats won in last election: 3 out of 150 

  • Reformed Political Party / Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP

  • Leader: Chris STOFFER 

  • Seats won in last election: 3 out of 150 

  • Leader: Stephan VAN BAARLE 

  • Seats won in last election: 3 out of 150 

  • Leader: Gerard VAN HOOFT 

  • Seats won in last election: 1 out of 150 

Population and Registered Voters: 

Gender Data: 

Disability Data: 

  • CRPD Status: Signed 30 March 2007, Ratified 14 June 2016 

  • Projected population with a disability: 2,832,494 (2022 est.)  

IFES Resources: 

  • Does IFES have a presence in the Netherlands: No 

  • Election Access: Yes 

  • Election Judgements: Yes, 5 judgments and 13 resources  

Election Modified: Dec 01, 2023

Most Recent Elections in Netherlands

With Participation Rates