At stake in this election:

• This election will determine the President and Vice President of the Philippines.

*Note: This election is being held concurrently with parliamentary elections.

Description of government structure [i]:

• Chief of State: President Rodrigo DUTERTE (since 30 June 2016)
• Assembly: Bicameral Congress (Kongreso) that includes the 24-seat Senate (Senado) and the 304-seat House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan).

*Note: The President is both the chief of state and head of government. There is also a Vice President, who is currently Leni ROBREDO (since 30 June 2016).

Description of electoral system [ii]:

• The President and Vice President are directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term.
• Members of the Senate (Senado) are directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote to serve 6-year terms.
• 243 members of the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan) are elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote. 61 members who represent minority groups are directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote. Members of the House of Representatives serve 3-year terms.

Last Election [iii]:

• The last Presidential election was held on May 9, 2016 and 43,531,338 votes were cast (78% voter turnout). Rodrigo DUTERTE won the election with 15,970,018 votes (38.6%). Manuel ROXAS won 9,700,382 votes (23.4%). Grace Natividad POE-LLAMANZARES won 8,935,733 votes (21.6%).

Main Candidates in this election:

Presidential Candidates:

• Ernesto ABELLA
  • Party: N/A (Independent)
• Leody de GUZMAN
  • Party: Partido Lakas ng Masa (PLM)
• Norberto GONZALES
  • Party: Philippine Democratic Socialist Party (PDSP) / Partido Demokrtiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas
• Panfilo LACSON
  • Party: Partido Reporma
• Faisal MANGONDATO
  • Party: Katipunan
• Bongbong MARCOS
  • Party: Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP)
• Jose MONTEMAYOR Jr.
  • Party: Democratic Party of the Philippines (DPP)
• Isko MORENO
  • Party: Aksyon
• Manny PACQUIAO
  • Party: Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives (PROMDI) / Probinsya Muna Development Initiative
• Leni ROBREDO
  • Party: N/A (Independent)

Vice Presidential Candidates:

• Walden BELLO
  • Party: Partido Lakas ng Masa (PLM)
• Tito SOTTO
  • Party: National People’s Coalition (NPC)
• Carlos SERAPIO
  • Party: Katipunan
• Sara DUTERTE
  • Party: Lakas
• Rizalito DAVID
  • Party: Democratic Party of the Philippines (DPP)
• Willie ONG
  • Party: Aksyon
• Lito ATIENZA
  • Party: Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives (PROMDI) / Probinsya Muna Development Initiative
• Francis PANGILINAN
  • Party: Liberal
• Manny S.D. LOPEZ
  • Party: Workers’ and Peasants’ Party (WPP)*

*Note: the WPP is also known as the Labor Party Philippines.

Population and number of registered voters:

• Population: 110,818,325 (July 2021 est.) [iv]
• Registered Voters: 63,643,263 (2019 est.) [v]

Gender Data:

• Female Population: Not available
• Are the Philippines a signatory to CEDAW: Yes (15 July 1980) [vi]
• Have the Philippines ratified CEDAW: Yes (5 August 1981) [vii]
• Gender Quota: Yes, voluntary quotas. There are no legislated quotas for the Senate nor House of Representatives, but some political parties have adopted voluntary quotas. [viii]
• Female candidates in this election: Yes
• Number of female legislators: Not available
• Human Development Index Position: 0.718 (ranked 107) [ix]
• Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: Very high (53%) [x]

Disability Data:

• Are the Philippines a signatory to CRPD: Yes (25 September 2007) [xi]
• Have the Philippines ratified CRPD: Yes (15 April 2008) [xii]
• Population with a disability: 15,149,756 (2022 est.) [xiii]