Description of government structure:

• Chief of State: President Rodrigo DUTERTE
• Head of Government: President Rodrigo DUTERTE
• Assembly: Philippines has a bicameral Congress (Kongreso) consisting of the Senate (Senado) with 24 seats and the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan) with 287 seats.

Description of electoral system:

• The President is elected by plurality vote to serve a 6-year term.
• In the Senate (Senado) 24 members are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to serve 6-year terms. One half of members are renewed every three years.
• In the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan), 230 members are elected by plurality vote in single-member constituencies to serve 3-year terms and 57 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system to serve 3-year terms.
  • Under constitutional provisions, the PR tier must comprise 20 percent of total seats. While the constitution provides for a 250-member House, it also permits the legislature to change that size. Under a 2009 court ruling related to the 2007 legislative elections, a party represented in one tier may not hold seats in the other, effectively reserving all PR seats to minor parties. The threshold in the PR tier is 2 percent, but no party may hold more than three seats in it.