IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Poland

Republic of Poland

38,093,101
Population (as of March 1, 2023)

29,363,722
Registered Voters (as of June 2, 2025)

53.88%
Average Turnout

28
Elections in our database

V-Dem* Score: 0.729
Regimes of the World Classification: Electoral Democracy
*Varieties of Democracy Electoral Democracy Index (2024)

CEDAW Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: May 29, 1980
Ratified Date: July 30, 1980

SIGI* Score: 18.5
Level of Discrimination: Very Low
*Social Institutions and Gender Index (2023)

CRPD Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: March 30, 2007
Ratified Date: Sept. 25, 2012

HDI* Score: 0.906
Category: Very High
*UNDP Human Development Index (2023)

Name	Official Name	Type
Polish Senate	Senat	Upper House
Polish Sejm	Sejm	Lower House
Polish Presidency	None	Head of State

Description of government structure:

Chief of State: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
Head of Government: Prime Minster Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017)
Assembly: Bicameral Parliament consisting of the Senate (Senat) with 100 seats and the Sejm with 460 seats.

Description of electoral system:

The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 5-year term.
The Prime Minister is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Sejm.
In the Senate, 100 members are elected by plurality vote in single-member constituencies to serve 4-year terms. In the Sejm, 460 members are elected through an open-list proportional representation system to serve 4-year terms.
- There are 41 multi-member constituencies consisting of anywhere between 7 and 20 seats. Electors are required to cast a preferential vote for the candidate of their choice. All preferential votes are tabulated as votes for the candidate's party.
- Each party must earn at least 5% of the national vote to receive a seat, and each coalition must earn at least 8% of the vote. Minority parties are exempt from these threshold requirements.

Elections

2025-06-01 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 21,033,457
Registered 29,363,722
Turnout 71.63

2025-05-18 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 19,692,324
Registered 29,252,340
Turnout 67.32

2023-10-15 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 21,989,260
Registered 29,532,595
Turnout 74.46

2023-10-15 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 21,955,030
Registered 29,532,595
Turnout 74.34

2023-10-15 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 12,096,532
Registered 29,532,595
Turnout 40.96

2020-07-12 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 20,636,635
Registered 30,268,543
Turnout 68.18

2020-06-28 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 19,483,760
Registered 30,204,792
Turnout 64.51

2019-10-13 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 18,677,930
Registered 30,253,556
Turnout 61.74

2019-10-13 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 18,678,457
Registered 30,253,556
Turnout 61.74

2015-10-25 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 15,597,073
Registered 30,629,150
Turnout 50.92

2015-10-25 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 15,597,073
Registered 30,629,150
Turnout 50.92

2015-09-06 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 2,383,041
Registered 30,565,826
Turnout 7.8

2015-05-24 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 16,993,169
Registered 30,709,281
Turnout 55.34

2015-05-10 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 15,023,886
Registered 30,688,570
Turnout 48.96

2011-10-09 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 15,050,027
Registered 30,762,931
Turnout 48.92

2011-10-09 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 15,050,027
Registered 30,762,931
Turnout 48.92

2010-07-04 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 17,050,417
Registered 30,833,924
Turnout 55.3

2010-06-20 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 16,923,832
Registered 30,813,005
Turnout 54.92

2007-10-21 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 16,477,734
Registered 30,615,471
Turnout 53.82

2007-10-21 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 16,475,672
Registered 30,615,471
Turnout 53.81

2005-10-23 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 15,439,684
Registered 30,279,209
Turnout 50.99

2005-10-09 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 15,051,157
Registered 30,260,027
Turnout 49.74

2005-09-25 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 12,262,311
Registered 30,229,031
Turnout 40.56

2005-09-25 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 12,255,875
Registered 30,338,316
Turnout 40.4

2003-06-07 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 17,578,818
Registered 29,868,474
Turnout 58.85

2001-09-23 | Status: Held
Polish Sejm
Votes 13,591,681
Registered 29,364,455
Turnout 46.29

2001-09-23 | Status: Held
Polish Senate
Votes 13,591,681
Registered 29,364,455
Turnout 46.29

2000-10-08 | Status: Held
Polish Presidency
Votes 17,789,231
Registered 29,122,304
Turnout 61.08

Election For	Date	Status	Votes	Registered Voters	Turnout
Polish Presidency	2025-06-01	Held	21,033,457	29,363,722	71.63
Polish Presidency	2025-05-18	Held	19,692,324	29,252,340	67.32
Polish Sejm	2023-10-15	Held	21,989,260	29,532,595	74.46
Polish Senate	2023-10-15	Held	21,955,030	29,532,595	74.34
Referendum	2023-10-15	Held	12,096,532	29,532,595	40.96
Polish Presidency	2020-07-12	Held	20,636,635	30,268,543	68.18
Polish Presidency	2020-06-28	Held	19,483,760	30,204,792	64.51
Polish Senate	2019-10-13	Held	18,677,930	30,253,556	61.74
Polish Sejm	2019-10-13	Held	18,678,457	30,253,556	61.74
Polish Sejm	2015-10-25	Held	15,597,073	30,629,150	50.92
Polish Senate	2015-10-25	Held	15,597,073	30,629,150	50.92
Referendum	2015-09-06	Held	2,383,041	30,565,826	7.8
Polish Presidency	2015-05-24	Held	16,993,169	30,709,281	55.34
Polish Presidency	2015-05-10	Held	15,023,886	30,688,570	48.96
Polish Sejm	2011-10-09	Held	15,050,027	30,762,931	48.92
Polish Senate	2011-10-09	Held	15,050,027	30,762,931	48.92
Polish Presidency	2010-07-04	Held	17,050,417	30,833,924	55.3
Polish Presidency	2010-06-20	Held	16,923,832	30,813,005	54.92
Polish Sejm	2007-10-21	Held	16,477,734	30,615,471	53.82
Polish Senate	2007-10-21	Held	16,475,672	30,615,471	53.81
Polish Presidency	2005-10-23	Held	15,439,684	30,279,209	50.99
Polish Presidency	2005-10-09	Held	15,051,157	30,260,027	49.74
Polish Senate	2005-09-25	Held	12,262,311	30,229,031	40.56
Polish Sejm	2005-09-25	Held	12,255,875	30,338,316	40.4
Referendum	2003-06-07	Held	17,578,818	29,868,474	58.85
Polish Sejm	2001-09-23	Held	13,591,681	29,364,455	46.29
Polish Senate	2001-09-23	Held	13,591,681	29,364,455	46.29
Polish Presidency	2000-10-08	Held	17,789,231	29,122,304	61.08

Voter Turnout

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