IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

108,106,310
Population (as of Feb. 8, 2019)

68,618,667
Registered Voters (as of Oct. 31, 2024)

73.35%
Average Turnout

25
Elections in our database

V-Dem* Score: 0.435
Regimes of the World Classification: Electoral Autocracy
*Varieties of Democracy Electoral Democracy Index (2024)

CEDAW Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: July 15, 1980
Ratified Date: Aug. 5, 1981

SIGI* Score: 49.7
Level of Discrimination: High
*Social Institutions and Gender Index (2023)

CRPD Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: Sept. 25, 2007
Ratified Date: April 15, 2008

HDI* Score: 0.720
Category: High
*UNDP Human Development Index (2023)

Name	Official Name	Type
Philippine House of Representatives	Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan	Lower House
Philippine Senate	Senado	Upper House
Philippine President	President	Head of State & Government

Description of government structure:

Chief of State: President Rodrigo DUTERTE
Head of Government: President Rodrigo DUTERTE
Assembly: Philippines has a bicameral Congress (Kongreso) consisting of the Senate (Senado) with 24 seats and the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan) with 287 seats.

Description of electoral system:

The President is elected by plurality vote to serve a 6-year term.
In the Senate (Senado) 24 members are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to serve 6-year terms. One half of members are renewed every three years.
In the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan), 230 members are elected by plurality vote in single-member constituencies to serve 3-year terms and 57 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system to serve 3-year terms.
- Under constitutional provisions, the PR tier must comprise 20 percent of total seats. While the constitution provides for a 250-member House, it also permits the legislature to change that size. Under a 2009 court ruling related to the 2007 legislative elections, a party represented in one tier may not hold seats in the other, effectively reserving all PR seats to minor parties. The threshold in the PR tier is 2 percent, but no party may hold more than three seats in it.

Elections

2025-05-12 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes -
Registered 68,618,667
Turnout -

2025-05-12 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes -
Registered 68,618,667
Turnout -

2022-05-09 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 55,114,084
Registered 65,745,512
Turnout 83.83

2022-05-09 | Status: Held
Philippine President
Votes 53,815,484
Registered -
Turnout -

2022-05-09 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes 55,549,791
Registered 66,839,976
Turnout 83.11

2019-05-13 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes -
Registered -
Turnout -

2019-05-13 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes -
Registered 63,665,923
Turnout -

2019-01-21 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 1,827,093
Registered 2,839,659
Turnout 64.34

2016-05-09 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 44,392,375
Registered 54,363,844
Turnout 81.66

2016-05-09 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes 44,979,151
Registered 55,739,911
Turnout 80.69

2016-05-09 | Status: Held
Philippine President
Votes 43,531,338
Registered 55,735,757
Turnout 78.1

2013-05-13 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 31,571,930
Registered 52,014,648
Turnout 60.7

2013-05-13 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes 31,568,679
Registered 52,014,648
Turnout 60.69

2010-05-10 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes -
Registered 50,723,733
Turnout -

2010-05-10 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 37,293,960
Registered 50,723,733
Turnout 73.52

2010-05-10 | Status: Held
Philippine President
Votes 36,321,087
Registered 51,292,465
Turnout 70.81

2007-05-14 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes 28,945,710
Registered 42,453,236
Turnout 68.18

2007-05-14 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 28,945,710
Registered 45,453,236
Turnout 63.68

2004-05-10 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 13,241,974
Registered 29,240,907
Turnout 45.29

2004-05-10 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes -
Registered 43,536,028
Turnout -

2004-05-10 | Status: Held
Philippine President
Votes 36,613,800
Registered 43,536,028
Turnout 84.1

2001-05-14 | Status: Held
Philippine House of Representatives
Votes 27,709,510
Registered 34,176,376
Turnout 81.08

2001-05-14 | Status: Held
Philippine Senate
Votes 27,737,268
Registered 36,521,799
Turnout 75.95

1998-05-11 | Status: Held
Philippine President
Votes 29,285,775
Registered 33,873,665
Turnout 86.46

Election For	Date	Status	Votes	Registered Voters	Turnout
Philippine Senate	2025-05-12	Held	-	68,618,667	-
Philippine House of Representatives	2025-05-12	Held	-	68,618,667	-
Philippine House of Representatives	2022-05-09	Held	55,114,084	65,745,512	83.83
Philippine President	2022-05-09	Held	53,815,484	-	-
Philippine Senate	2022-05-09	Held	55,549,791	66,839,976	83.11
Philippine House of Representatives	2019-05-13	Held	-	-	-
Philippine Senate	2019-05-13	Held	-	63,665,923	-
Referendum	2019-01-21	Held	1,827,093	2,839,659	64.34
Philippine House of Representatives	2016-05-09	Held	44,392,375	54,363,844	81.66
Philippine Senate	2016-05-09	Held	44,979,151	55,739,911	80.69
Philippine President	2016-05-09	Held	43,531,338	55,735,757	78.1
Philippine President	2016-05-09	Held	43,531,338	55,735,757	78.1
Philippine House of Representatives	2013-05-13	Held	31,571,930	52,014,648	60.7
Philippine Senate	2013-05-13	Held	31,568,679	52,014,648	60.69
Philippine Senate	2010-05-10	Held	-	50,723,733	-
Philippine House of Representatives	2010-05-10	Held	37,293,960	50,723,733	73.52
Philippine President	2010-05-10	Held	36,321,087	51,292,465	70.81
Philippine Senate	2007-05-14	Held	28,945,710	42,453,236	68.18
Philippine House of Representatives	2007-05-14	Held	28,945,710	45,453,236	63.68
Philippine House of Representatives	2004-05-10	Held	13,241,974	29,240,907	45.29
Philippine Senate	2004-05-10	Held	-	43,536,028	-
Philippine President	2004-05-10	Held	36,613,800	43,536,028	84.1
Philippine House of Representatives	2001-05-14	Held	27,709,510	34,176,376	81.08
Philippine Senate	2001-05-14	Held	27,737,268	36,521,799	75.95
Philippine President	1998-05-11	Held	29,285,775	33,873,665	86.46

Voter Turnout

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