IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Romania

Romania

19,483,360
Population (as of Feb. 8, 2019)

17,996,537
Registered Voters (as of May 18, 2025)

50.34%
Average Turnout

33
Elections in our database

V-Dem* Score: 0.629
Regimes of the World Classification: Electoral Democracy
*Varieties of Democracy Electoral Democracy Index (2024)

CEDAW Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: Sept. 4, 1980
Ratified Date: Jan. 7, 1982

SIGI* Score: 15.7
Level of Discrimination: Very Low
*Social Institutions and Gender Index (2023)

CRPD Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: Sept. 26, 2007
Ratified Date: Jan. 31, 2011

HDI* Score: 0.845
Category: Very High
*UNDP Human Development Index (2023)

Name	Official Name	Type
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	Camera Deputaţilor	Lower House
Romanian Senate	Senat	Upper House
Romanian Presidency	None	Head of State

Description of government structure:

Chief of State: Interim President Ilie BOLOJAN (since 12 February 2025)
Head of Government: Interim Prime Minister Marian-Cătălin Predoiu (since 6 May 2025)
Assembly: Romania has a bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consisting of the Senate (Senat) with 137 seats and the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor) with 315 seats.

Description of electoral system:

The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 5-year term.
The Prime Minister is appointed by the president with the approval of the parliament.
In the Senate (Senat) 137 members are elected through a modified mixed-member proportional system to serve 4-year terms with a 5% threshold. In the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor), 19 members are reserved for minorities to serve 4-year terms and 315 members are elected through a modified mixed-member proportional system to serve 4-year terms.*

* As in the Senate, seats are allocated nationwide in proportion to parties' vote shares. This occurs after seats have been allocated to candidates winning majorities in single-seat constituencies. Various national thresholds apply: 5 percent for single parties (or at least 6 Chamber seats, or at least 3 Senate seats); 8 percent for alliances of two parties; 9 percent for alliances of three, and 10 percent for alliances of four or more parties.

There is no fixed number of reserve seats. These go to members of recognized minority groups (one per group) who do not win representation otherwise in either chamber. Such a candidate must have received 10 percent of the average number of valid votes cast for Deputies in the single-seat constituencies.

Elections

2025-05-18 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 11,641,999
Registered 17,996,537
Turnout 64.69

2025-05-04 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 9,571,899
Registered 17,996,367
Turnout 53.19

2024-12-08 | Status: Cancelled
Romanian Presidency
Votes -
Registered -
Turnout -

2024-12-01 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes 9,454,678
Registered 19,503,273
Turnout 48.48

2024-12-01 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes 9,454,679
Registered 19,503,273
Turnout 48.48

2024-11-24 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes -
Registered 18,965,288
Turnout -

2020-12-06 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes -
Registered -
Turnout -

2020-12-06 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes -
Registered -
Turnout -

2019-11-24 | Status: Confirmed
Romanian Presidency
Votes -
Registered -
Turnout -

2019-11-10 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 9,359,673
Registered 18,286,865
Turnout 51.18

2018-10-06 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 3,857,308
Registered 18,279,011
Turnout 21.1

2016-12-11 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes 7,258,939
Registered 18,403,044
Turnout 39.44

2016-12-11 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes 7,261,300
Registered 18,403,044
Turnout 39.46

2014-11-16 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 11,719,344
Registered 18,280,994
Turnout 64.11

2014-11-02 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 9,723,232
Registered 18,284,066
Turnout 53.18

2012-12-09 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes 7,694,180
Registered 18,423,066
Turnout 41.76

2012-12-09 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes 7,694,180
Registered 18,423,066
Turnout 41.76

2012-07-29 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 8,459,053
Registered 18,292,464
Turnout 46.24

2009-12-06 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 10,620,116
Registered 18,303,224
Turnout 58.02

2009-11-22 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 9,946,748
Registered 18,293,277
Turnout 54.37

2009-11-22 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 9,320,240
Registered 18,293,277
Turnout 50.95

2008-11-30 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes 7,238,871
Registered 18,464,274
Turnout 39.2

2008-11-30 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes 7,238,871
Registered 18,464,274
Turnout 39.2

2007-11-25 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 4,851,470
Registered 18,267,634
Turnout 26.56

2007-05-19 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 8,135,272
Registered 18,301,309
Turnout 44.45

2004-12-12 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 10,112,262
Registered 18,449,676
Turnout 54.81

2004-11-28 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes 10,787,747
Registered 18,449,344
Turnout 58.47

2004-11-28 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes 10,794,653
Registered 18,449,344
Turnout 58.51

2004-11-28 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 10,794,653
Registered 18,449,676
Turnout 58.51

2000-12-10 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 10,184,715
Registered 17,711,757
Turnout 57.5

2000-11-26 | Status: Held
Romanian Chamber of Deputies
Votes 11,559,458
Registered 17,699,727
Turnout 65.31

2000-11-26 | Status: Held
Romanian Presidency
Votes 11,559,458
Registered 17,699,727
Turnout 65.31

2000-11-26 | Status: Held
Romanian Senate
Votes 11,559,458
Registered 17,699,727
Turnout 65.31

Election For	Date	Status	Votes	Registered Voters	Turnout
Romanian Presidency	2025-05-18	Held	11,641,999	17,996,537	64.69
Romanian Presidency	2025-05-04	Held	9,571,899	17,996,367	53.19
Romanian Presidency	2024-12-08	Cancelled	-	-	-
Romanian Senate	2024-12-01	Held	9,454,678	19,503,273	48.48
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2024-12-01	Held	9,454,679	19,503,273	48.48
Romanian Presidency	2024-11-24	Held	-	18,965,288	-
Romanian Senate	2020-12-06	Held	-	-	-
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2020-12-06	Held	-	-	-
Romanian Presidency	2019-11-24	Confirmed	-	-	-
Romanian Presidency	2019-11-10	Held	9,359,673	18,286,865	51.18
Referendum	2018-10-06	Held	3,857,308	18,279,011	21.1
Romanian Senate	2016-12-11	Held	7,258,939	18,403,044	39.44
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2016-12-11	Held	7,261,300	18,403,044	39.46
Romanian Presidency	2014-11-16	Held	11,719,344	18,280,994	64.11
Romanian Presidency	2014-11-02	Held	9,723,232	18,284,066	53.18
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2012-12-09	Held	7,694,180	18,423,066	41.76
Romanian Senate	2012-12-09	Held	7,694,180	18,423,066	41.76
Referendum	2012-07-29	Held	8,459,053	18,292,464	46.24
Romanian Presidency	2009-12-06	Held	10,620,116	18,303,224	58.02
Romanian Presidency	2009-11-22	Held	9,946,748	18,293,277	54.37
Referendum	2009-11-22	Held	9,320,240	18,293,277	50.95
Romanian Senate	2008-11-30	Held	7,238,871	18,464,274	39.2
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2008-11-30	Held	7,238,871	18,464,274	39.2
Referendum	2007-11-25	Held	4,851,470	18,267,634	26.56
Referendum	2007-05-19	Held	8,135,272	18,301,309	44.45
Romanian Presidency	2004-12-12	Held	10,112,262	18,449,676	54.81
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2004-11-28	Held	10,787,747	18,449,344	58.47
Romanian Senate	2004-11-28	Held	10,794,653	18,449,344	58.51
Romanian Presidency	2004-11-28	Held	10,794,653	18,449,676	58.51
Romanian Presidency	2000-12-10	Held	10,184,715	17,711,757	57.5
Romanian Chamber of Deputies	2000-11-26	Held	11,559,458	17,699,727	65.31
Romanian Presidency	2000-11-26	Held	11,559,458	17,699,727	65.31
Romanian Senate	2000-11-26	Held	11,559,458	17,699,727	65.31

Voter Turnout

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