IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Peru

Republic of Peru

33,359,835
Population (as of July 29, 2021)

27,356,578
Registered Voters (as of Oct. 27, 2025)

81.22%
Average Turnout

22
Elections in our database

V-Dem* Score: 0.634
Regimes of the World Classification: Electoral Democracy
*Varieties of Democracy Electoral Democracy Index (2024)

CEDAW Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: July 23, 1981
Ratified Date: Sept. 13, 1982

SIGI* Score: 18.6
Level of Discrimination: Very Low
*Social Institutions and Gender Index (2023)

CRPD Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: March 30, 2007
Ratified Date: Jan. 30, 2008

HDI* Score: 0.794
Category: High
*UNDP Human Development Index (2023)

Name	Official Name	Type
Peruvian Senate	Senado	Upper House
Peruvian Chamber of Deputies	Camara de Diputados	Lower House
Peruvian Presidency	None	Head of State & Government
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	Congreso de la República	Assembly

Description of government structure:

Chief of State: President José Enrique JERÍ Oré (since 10 October 2025)
Head of Government: President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra *
Assembly: As of 2026, Peru has a bicameral system. The the Senate (Senado) is the upper house with 600 seats. The Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados) is the lower house, comprised of 130 seats. Prior to this, Peru had a unicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República) with 130 seats.

* Peru has a Prime Minister, but they do not hold executive power. The current Prime Minister is Alberto OTAROLA Penaranda (since 21 December 2022).

Description of electoral system:

The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 5-year term.
In the former Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República) 130 members were elected by open list proportional representation in multi-member constituencies to serve 5-year terms.
In the Senate, 30 senators are elected in single national districts via proportional representation (D'Hondt method) and optional douple preferential voting. Among the other 30 senators, 26 are elected per electoral district by sumple majority and 4 are elected by proportional representation in Lima.
In the House of Deputies, 130 deputies are elected across 27 electoral districts (24 departments plus the Constitutional Province of Callao, Lima Provinces, and Peruvians Residing Abroad). Voters use an open-list system with an optional double preferential vote.

Elections

2026-04-12 | Status: Confirmed
Peruvian Chamber of Deputies
Votes -
Registered 27,356,578
Turnout -

2026-04-12 | Status: Confirmed
Peruvian Senate
Votes -
Registered 27,356,578
Turnout -

2026-04-12 | Status: Confirmed
Peruvian Presidency
Votes -
Registered 27,356,578
Turnout -

2021-04-11 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 18,856,802
Registered 25,287,954
Turnout 74.57

2021-04-11 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 17,722,616
Registered 25,287,954
Turnout 70.08

2020-01-26 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 18,369,088
Registered 24,812,087
Turnout 74.03

2018-12-09 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 17,038,732
Registered 23,491,142
Turnout 72.53

2016-06-05 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 18,335,385
Registered 22,907,954
Turnout 80.04

2016-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 17,997,430
Registered 21,965,970
Turnout 81.93

2016-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 18,751,264
Registered 22,901,954
Turnout 81.88

2011-06-05 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 16,466,397
Registered 19,949,915
Turnout 82.54

2011-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 19,402,275
Registered 19,949,915
Turnout 97.25

2011-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 16,699,734
Registered 19,949,915
Turnout 83.71

2006-06-04 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 14,468,049
Registered 16,494,906
Turnout 87.71

2006-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 14,624,880
Registered 16,494,906
Turnout 88.66

2006-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 14,632,003
Registered 16,494,906
Turnout 88.71

2001-06-03 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 12,128,969
Registered 14,650,550
Turnout 82.79

2001-04-08 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 12,264,349
Registered 14,650,550
Turnout 83.71

2001-04-08 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 11,987,641
Registered 14,650,550
Turnout 81.82

2000-05-28 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 11,800,310
Registered 14,340,169
Turnout 82.29

2000-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 12,230,774
Registered 14,340,169
Turnout 85.29

2000-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 9,132,842
Registered 14,340,169
Turnout 63.69

Election For	Date	Status	Votes	Registered Voters	Turnout
Peruvian Chamber of Deputies	2026-04-12	Confirmed	-	27,356,578	-
Peruvian Senate	2026-04-12	Confirmed	-	27,356,578	-
Peruvian Presidency	2026-04-12	Confirmed	-	27,356,578	-
Peruvian Presidency	2021-04-11	Held	18,856,802	25,287,954	74.57
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2021-04-11	Held	17,722,616	25,287,954	70.08
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2020-01-26	Held	18,369,088	24,812,087	74.03
Referendum	2018-12-09	Held	17,038,732	23,491,142	72.53
Peruvian Presidency	2016-06-05	Held	18,335,385	22,907,954	80.04
Peruvian Presidency	2016-04-10	Held	17,997,430	21,965,970	81.93
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2016-04-10	Held	18,751,264	22,901,954	81.88
Peruvian Presidency	2011-06-05	Held	16,466,397	19,949,915	82.54
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2011-04-10	Held	19,402,275	19,949,915	97.25
Peruvian Presidency	2011-04-10	Held	16,699,734	19,949,915	83.71
Peruvian Presidency	2006-06-04	Held	14,468,049	16,494,906	87.71
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2006-04-09	Held	14,624,880	16,494,906	88.66
Peruvian Presidency	2006-04-09	Held	14,632,003	16,494,906	88.71
Peruvian Presidency	2001-06-03	Held	12,128,969	14,650,550	82.79
Peruvian Presidency	2001-04-08	Held	12,264,349	14,650,550	83.71
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2001-04-08	Held	11,987,641	14,650,550	81.82
Peruvian Presidency	2000-05-28	Held	11,800,310	14,340,169	82.29
Peruvian Presidency	2000-04-09	Held	12,230,774	14,340,169	85.29
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2000-04-09	Held	9,132,842	14,340,169	63.69

Voter Turnout

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