IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Mexico

United Mexican States

130,262,371
Population (as of July 20, 2021)

99,084,188
Registered Voters (as of March 27, 2024)

54.57%
Average Turnout

21
Elections in our database

V-Dem* Score: 0.505
Regimes of the World Classification: Electoral Democracy
*Varieties of Democracy Electoral Democracy Index (2024)

CEDAW Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: July 17, 1980
Ratified Date: March 23, 1981

SIGI* Score: 21.9
Level of Discrimination: Low
*Social Institutions and Gender Index (2023)

CRPD Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: March 30, 2007
Ratified Date: Dec. 17, 2007

HDI* Score: 0.789
Category: High
*UNDP Human Development Index (2023)

Name	Official Name	Type
Mexican Senate	Camara de Senadores	Upper House
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	Camara de Diputados	Lower House
Mexican Presidency	None	Head of State & Government

Description of government structure:

Chief of State: President Claudia SHEINBAUM (since 1 October 2024)
Head of Government: President Claudia SHEINBAUM (since 1 October 2024)
Assembly: Mexico has a bicameral National Congress (Congreso de la Union) consisting of the Senate (Camara de Senadores) with 128 seats and the Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados) with 500 seats.

Description of electoral system:

The President is elected by plurality vote to serve a 6-year term.
In the Senate (Camara de Senadores), 96 members are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to serve 6-year terms and 32 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system to serve 6-year terms.
- The voter votes at the state level. 96 Senators are elected from closed party lists in 32 districts of three seats, each corresponding to a state. The top vote-getting list wins two seats. The next-placed list wins one. Parties may nominate two candidates in any given district. 32 more Senators are elected from closed, nation-wide party lists. National vote shares are determined by summing state-level results. The threshold in this tier is two percent.
In the Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados), 300 members are elected by plurality vote in single-member constituencies to serve 3-year terms and 200 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation system to serve 3-year terms.
- The voter casts one vote at the single-member district level. PR seats are allocated from closed lists in five multi-member districts of 40 seats each in order to make each party's seat share proportional to its vote share at the MMD level. No party may seat more than 300 deputies. No party's seat share may be more than eight percent in excess of its vote share. This rule does not hold, however, if the disproportion results in the single-member district tier. A party may not contest seats in the proportional tier unless it registers candidates in at least 200 single-member constituencies. The threshold in the proportional tier is two percent.

Elections

2024-06-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Presidency
Votes 60,115,184
Registered 99,084,188
Turnout 60.67

2024-06-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Senate
Votes 59,391,291
Registered 99,084,188
Turnout 59.94

2024-06-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 59,034,323
Registered 99,084,188
Turnout 59.58

2022-04-10 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 16,502,636
Registered 92,823,216
Turnout 17.78

2021-08-01 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 6,663,208
Registered 93,671,697
Turnout 7.11

2021-06-06 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 49,151,320
Registered 93,328,771
Turnout 52.66

2018-07-01 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 55,967,433
Registered 89,069,718
Turnout 62.84

2018-07-01 | Status: Held
Mexican Senate
Votes 56,237,841
Registered 89,250,881
Turnout 63.01

2018-07-01 | Status: Held
Mexican Presidency
Votes 56,611,027
Registered 89,250,881
Turnout 63.43

2015-06-07 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 39,872,757
Registered 83,563,272
Turnout 47.72

2012-07-01 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 51,052,668
Registered 77,547,511
Turnout 65.83

2012-07-01 | Status: Held
Mexican Senate
Votes 50,310,328
Registered 77,547,511
Turnout 64.88

2012-07-01 | Status: Held
Mexican Presidency
Votes 50,323,153
Registered 77,738,494
Turnout 64.73

2009-07-05 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 34,126,794
Registered 71,351,123
Turnout 47.83

2006-07-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Presidency
Votes 41,791,322
Registered 71,374,373
Turnout 58.55

2006-07-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 41,195,198
Registered 71,374,373
Turnout 57.72

2006-07-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Senate
Votes 41,762,798
Registered 71,374,373
Turnout 58.51

2003-07-06 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 26,968,371
Registered 64,710,596
Turnout 41.68

2000-07-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Presidency
Votes 37,603,923
Registered 58,789,209
Turnout 63.96

2000-07-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Senate
Votes 37,610,715
Registered 58,789,209
Turnout 63.98

2000-07-02 | Status: Held
Mexican Chamber of Deputies
Votes 37,424,301
Registered 58,789,209
Turnout 63.66

Election For	Date	Status	Votes	Registered Voters	Turnout
Mexican Presidency	2024-06-02	Held	60,115,184	99,084,188	60.67
Mexican Senate	2024-06-02	Held	59,391,291	99,084,188	59.94
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2024-06-02	Held	59,034,323	99,084,188	59.58
Referendum	2022-04-10	Held	16,502,636	92,823,216	17.78
Referendum	2021-08-01	Held	6,663,208	93,671,697	7.11
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2021-06-06	Held	49,151,320	93,328,771	52.66
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2018-07-01	Held	55,967,433	89,069,718	62.84
Mexican Senate	2018-07-01	Held	56,237,841	89,250,881	63.01
Mexican Presidency	2018-07-01	Held	56,611,027	89,250,881	63.43
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2015-06-07	Held	39,872,757	83,563,272	47.72
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2012-07-01	Held	51,052,668	77,547,511	65.83
Mexican Senate	2012-07-01	Held	50,310,328	77,547,511	64.88
Mexican Presidency	2012-07-01	Held	50,323,153	77,738,494	64.73
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2009-07-05	Held	34,126,794	71,351,123	47.83
Mexican Presidency	2006-07-02	Held	41,791,322	71,374,373	58.55
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2006-07-02	Held	41,195,198	71,374,373	57.72
Mexican Senate	2006-07-02	Held	41,762,798	71,374,373	58.51
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2003-07-06	Held	26,968,371	64,710,596	41.68
Mexican Presidency	2000-07-02	Held	37,603,923	58,789,209	63.96
Mexican Senate	2000-07-02	Held	37,610,715	58,789,209	63.98
Mexican Chamber of Deputies	2000-07-02	Held	37,424,301	58,789,209	63.66

Voter Turnout

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